This online version of the Zoning Ordinance has not been comprehensively checked against the official version. Neither the Town of Wilton nor the Zoning Board can be responsible for the consequences of any action taken on the basis of any errors in the online text.
This PDF file is the official printable text of the Wilton Zoning Ordinance as prepared for the Town of Wilton. by the Nashua Regional Planning Commission It is also available on the Planning Board page at the official Town of Wilton web site under the “Current Land Use Laws and Regulations” link.
This is the 2004 version of the Zoning Ordinance, including all amendments up to and including those passed by Town Meeting in March, 2004, but not any amendments passed in 2005 or later.
15.0 Personal Wireless Service Facilities (adopted March, 2001)
15.1 District Regulations.
15.2 Use Regulations.
15.3 Dimensional Requirements.
15.4 Performance and Design Standards.
15.5 Monitoring and Maintenance.
15.6 Abandonment or Discontinuation of Use.
15.0.1 Purpose and Intent.
It is the express purpose of this Article to permit carriers to locate personal wireless service facilities within particular areas of the Town of Wilton consistent with appropriate land use regulations that will ensure compatibility with the visual and environmental features of the Town. Compatibility with the visual features of Wilton is measured based on the change in community scale and character in relation to the height, mass, materials, contrasts, or proportion within the surroundings of a proposed personal wireless service facility. This Article enables the review of the locating and siting of personal wireless service facilities by the Town of Wilton so as to eliminate or mitigate the visual and environmental impacts of personal wireless service facilities. This Article is structured to encourage carriers to locate on existing buildings and structures whenever possible. New ground-mounted personal wireless facilities are permitted, but only when the use of existing structures and buildings is found to be infeasible. Co-location is encouraged for all personal wireless service facility applications and the review of a personal wireless facility shall be on the basis of the site being built using all positions on the mount.
15.0.2 Applicability.
The terms of this Article and the Site Plan Review Regulations shall apply to personal wireless service facilities proposed to be located on property owned by the Town of Wilton, on privately owned property, and on property that is owned by any other governmental entity that acts in its proprietary capacity to lease such property to a carrier.
15.0.3 Definitions.
For the purpose of this Article, the following terms shall have the meaning given herein:
15.0.3.1 Antenna. The surface from which wireless radio signals are sent and/or received by a personal wireless service facility.
15.0.3.2 Antenna Array. A collection of antennas attached to a mount to send and receive radio signals.
15.0.3.3 Average Tree Canopy Height. An average height found by inventorying the height at above-ground level (AGL) of all trees over twenty (20) feet in height for a defined area, such as the area delineated in Section 15.4.1.6.
15.0.3.4 Camouflaged. A personal wireless service facility that is disguised, hidden, part of an existing or proposed structure, or placed within an existing or proposed structure.
15.0.3.5 Carrier. A company that provides personal wireless services; also sometimes referred to as a provider.
15.0.3.6 Co-location. The use of a single mount on the ground by more than one carrier (vertical co-location) or the same carrier with multiple licenses, and/or the use of several mounts on an existing building or structure by more than one carrier or the same carrier with multiple licenses.
15.0.3.7 Environmental Assessment (EA) An EA is a document required by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) when a personal wireless service facility is placed in certain designated areas.
15.0.3.8 Equipment Shelter. An enclosed structure, cabinet, shed, vault, or box near the base of the mount within which are housed equipment for personal wireless service facilities, such as batteries and electrical equipment. Equipment shelters are sometimes referred to as base transceiver stations.
15.0.3.9 Facility. See Personal Wireless Service Facility.
15.0.3.10 Fall Zone. The area on the ground from the base of a ground-mounted personal wireless service facility that forms a circle with a diameter equal to the height of the facility, including any antennas or other appurtenances, as set forth in Figure 1. The fall zone is the area within which there is a potential hazard from falling debris (such as ice) or collapsing material.
15.0.3.11 Guyed Tower. A monopole or lattice tower that is secured to the ground or other surface by diagonal cables for lateral support.
15.0.3.12 Height. The height above ground level (AGL) from the natural grade of a site to the highest point of a structure.
15.0.3.13 Lattice Tower. A type of mount with multiple legs and structural cross bracing between the legs that is self-supporting and free-standing.
15.0.3.14 Mast. A thin pole that resembles a street light standard or a telephone pole. A dual-polarized antenna is typically deployed on a mast.
15.0.3.15 Monopole. A thicker type of mount than a mast that is self-supporting with a single shaft of wood, steel or concrete, or other material, that is designed for the placement of antennas and arrays along the shaft.
15.0.3.16 Mount. The structure or surface upon which antennas are mounted, including the following four types of mounts:
- Roof-mounted: mounted on the roof of a building.
- Side-mounted: mounted on the side of a building.
- Ground-mounted: mounted on the ground.
- Structure-mounted: mounted on a structure other than a building.
15.0.3.17 Personal Wireless Service Facility. Facility for the provision of personal wireless services, as defined by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, as amended. Personal Wireless Service facilities include a mount, antenna, equipment shelter, and other related equipment.
15.0.3.18 Personal Wireless Services. The three types of services regulated by this Ordinance:
- commercial mobile radio services;
- unlicensed wireless services;
- common carrier wireless exchange access services as described in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, as amended.
15.0.3.19 Radio Frequency (RF) An engineer specializing in electrical or microwave engineering, especially the study of radio frequencies.
15.0.3.20 Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) The emissions from personal wireless service facilities.
15.0.3.21 Security Barrier. A wall, fence, or berm that restricts an area from unauthorized entry or trespass.
15.0.3.22 Separation. The distance between one carrier's array of antennas and another carrier's array.
15.1 District Regulations.
15.1.1 Location. Personal wireless service facilities shall be permitted in all Zoning Districts. Applicants seeking approval for personal wireless service facilities shall first evaluate existing structures for the siting of personal wireless service facilities. Only after finding that there are no suitable existing structures pursuant to Section 15.1.3 herein, shall a provider propose a new ground-mounted facility.
15.1.2 Existing Structures: Policy. Personal wireless service facilities shall be located on existing structures, including but not limited to buildings, water towers, existing telecommunications facilities, utility poles or towers, and related facilities, provided that such installation preserves the character and integrity of those structures.
15.1.3 Existing Structures: Burden of Proof. The applicant shall have the burden of proving that there are no existing structures which are suitable to locate its personal wireless service facility and/or transmit or receive radio signals. To meet that burden, the applicant shall take all the following actions to the extent applicable:
- The applicant shall submit to the Planning Board a list of all contacts made with owners of potential sites regarding the availability of potential space for a personal wireless service facility. If the Planning Board informs the applicant that additional existing structures may be satisfactory, the applicant shall contact the property owner(s) of those structures.
- The applicant shall provide copies of all letters of inquiry made to owners of existing structures and letters of rejection. If letters of rejection are not provided, at a minimum, unanswered "Return Receipt Requested" forms from the U.S. Postal Service shall be provided for each owner of existing structures that was contacted.
- If the applicant claims that a structure is not capable of physically supporting a personal wireless service facility, this claim must be certified by a licensed professional civil engineer. The certification shall, at a minimum, explain the structural issues and demonstrate that the structure cannot be modified to support the personal w`ireless service facility without unreasonable costs. The estimated cost shall be provided to the Planning Board.
15.1.4 Ground-Mounted Facilities: Policy. If the applicant demonstrates that it is not feasible to locate on an existing structure, ground-mounted personal wireless service facilities shall be designed so as to be camouflaged to the greatest extent possible, including but not limited to use of compatible building materials and colors, screening, landscaping, and placement within trees.
15.2 Use Regulations.
A personal wireless service facility shall require a building permit in all cases and may be permitted as follows:
15.2.1 Existing Tower Structures. Subject to the issuance of a building permit that includes review by the Planning Board, which review shall be limited to issues relating to access, bonding, and security for removal, structural integrity and appropriate camouflage of such siting, carriers may locate a personal wireless service facility on any guyed tower, lattice tower, mast, or monopole in existence prior to the adoption of this Article, or on any personal wireless service facility previously approved under the provisions of this Article so long as the co-location complies with the approved site plan. All the Performance Standards from this Article shall be met. This provision shall apply only so long as the height of the mount is not increased, a security barrier already exists, and the area of the security barrier is not increased. Otherwise, site plan review is required.
15.2.2 Reconstruction of Existing Tower Structures. An existing guyed tower, lattice tower, monopole, or mast in existence prior to the adoption of this Article may be reconstructed with a maximum twenty (20) foot increase in height so as to maximize co-location so long as the standards of this Article are met and so long as this twenty (20) foot increase in height does not cause a facility previously existing at less than two hundred (200) feet to exceed two hundred (200) feet in height. The mount shall be replaced with a similar mount that does not significantly increase the visual impact on the community. Site plan review is required.
15.2.3 Existing Structures. Subject to the provisions of this Article, and minor site plan review under RSA 674:43:III, and except as otherwise permitted under Section 15.2.1, a carrier may locate a personal wireless service facility on an existing structure, building, utility tower or pole, or water tower. For the purpose of this section, new structures that are conforming to all other district zoning requirements shall be considered as existing structures.
15.2.4 Ground-Mounted Facility. A personal wireless service facility involving construction of a ground mount shall require site plan review and be subject to the provisions of this Article.
15.3 Dimensional Requirements.
Personal wireless service facilities shall comply with the following requirements:
15.3.1 Height, Maximum. In no case shall a personal wireless service facility exceed two hundred (200) feet in height, unless the mount for the facility was greater than two hundred (200) feet in height prior to the adoption of this Article.
15.3.2 Height, Existing Structures and Utility Poles. Carriers that locate new personal wireless service facilities on water towers, electric transmission and distribution towers, utility poles and similar existing utility structures, guyed towers, lattice towers, masts, and monopoles may be permitted to increase the height of those structures no more than twenty (20) feet if the additional height will not materially impair the visual impacts of the site. This increase in height shall only be permitted once for each structure.
15.3.3 Height, Other Existing Structures. The height of a personal wireless service facility shall not increase the height of a structure by more than fifteen (15) feet, unless the facility is completely camouflaged; for example, a facility completely within a flagpole, steeple, or chimney. The increase in the height of the structure shall be in scale and proportion to the structure as originally configured. A carrier may locate a personal wireless service facility on a building that is legally nonconforming with respect to height, provided that the provisions of this Article are met.
15.3.4 Height, Ground-Mounted Facilities. Ground-mounted personal wireless service facilities shall not project higher than twenty (20) feet above the average tree canopy height within a one hundred and fifty (150) foot radius of the mount, security barrier, or designated clear area for access to equipment, whichever is greatest.
15.3.5 Setbacks. All personal wireless service facilities and their equipment shelters shall comply with the building setback provisions of the zoning district in which the facility is located. Fences shall comply with the setback provisions of the zoning district in which the facility is located if the fence is six (6) feet or more in height, in accordance with the appropriate Zoning Ordinances.
15.3.6 Fall Zone for Ground Mounts. In order to ensure public safety, the minimum distance from the base of any ground mount of a personal wireless service facility to any property line, public road, habitable dwelling, business or institutional use, or public recreational area shall be, at a minimum, the distance equal to the fall zone, as defined in this article. The fall zone may cross property lines, so long as the applicant secures a fall zone easement from the affected property owner(s). The area of the easement shall be shown on all applicable plans submitted to the Town, and the terms of the easement shall be provided as part of the site plan review.
15.3.7 Fall Zone for Non-Ground Mounts — In the event that an existing structure is proposed as a mount for a personal wireless service facility, a fall zone shall not be required, but the setback provisions of the zoning district shall apply. In the case of pre-existing nonconforming structures, personal wireless service facilities and their equipment shelters shall not increase any nonconformities.
15.4 Performance and Design Standards.
15.4.1 Visibility.
15.4.1.1 Visual impacts are measured on the basis of:
- Change in community scale, as exhibited in relative height, mass or proportion of the personal wireless service facility within their proposed surroundings.
- New visible elements proposed on a contrasting background.
- Different colors and textures proposed against a contrasting background.
- Use of materials that are foreign to the existing built environment.
15.4.1.2 Enhancements are measured on the basis of:
- Conservation of opportunities to maintain community scale; e.g., buffering areas and low-lying buildings should not be compromised so as to start a trend away from the existing community scale.
- Amount and type of landscaping and/or natural vegetation.
- Preservation of view corridors, vistas, and view sheds.
- Continuation of existing colors, textures, and materials.
15.4.1.3 Visibility focuses on:
- Eliminating or mitigating visual impact.
- Protecting, continuing, and enhancing the existing environment.
15.4.1.4 Camouflage for Facilities on Existing Buildings or Structures: Roof Mounts. When a personal wireless service facility extends above the roof height of a building on which it is mounted, every effort shall be made to conceal or camouflage the facility within or behind existing or new architectural features to limit its visibility from public ways. Facilities mounted on a roof shall be stepped back from the front façade in order to limit their impact on the building's silhouette.
15.4.1.5 Camouflage for Facilities on Existing Buildings or Structures: Side Mounts. Personal wireless service facilities which are side mounted shall blend with the existing building's architecture and, if individual antenna panels are over five (5) square feet, the panels shall be painted or shielded with material consistent with the design features and materials of the building.
15.4.1.6 Camouflage for Ground-Mounted Facilities. All ground-mounted personal wireless service facilities shall be surrounded by a buffer of dense tree growth that extends continuously for a minimum distance of one hundred and fifty (150) feet from the mount, security barrier, or designated clear area for access to equipment, whichever is greatest, and screens views of the facility in all directions, as set forth in Figure 2. These trees must be existing on the subject property, planted on site, or be within a landscape easement on an adjoining site. The Planning Board shall have the authority to decrease, relocate, or alter the required buffer based on site conditions. The one hundred and fifty (150) foot vegetative buffer area shall be protected by a landscape easement or be within the area of the carrier's lease. The easement or lease shall specify that the trees within the buffer shall not be removed or topped, unless the trees are dead or dying and present a hazard to persons or property.
15.4.2 Color. To the extent that any personal wireless service facilities extend above the height of the vegetation immediately surrounding it, they shall be of a color which blends with the background or surroundings.
15.4.3 Equipment Shelters. Equipment shelters for personal wireless service facilities shall be designed consistently with one of the following design standards:
15.4.3.1 Equipment shelters shall be located in underground vaults; or
15.4.3.2 Equipment shelters shall be designed so that the shelters are architecturally consistent, with respect to materials and appearance, to the buildings in the area of the personal wireless service facility; or
15.4.3.3 Equipment shelters shall be camouflaged behind an effective year-round landscape buffer, equal to the height of the proposed building, and/or wooden fence. The Planning Board shall determine the style of fencing and/or landscape buffer that is compatible with the neighborhood; or
15.4.3.4 If mounted on a roof top, the equipment shelter shall be concealed or camouflaged so that the shelter either is not visible at grade or appears to be a part of the original structure.
15.4.4 Lighting, Signage, and Security.
15.4.4.1 Lighting. The mounts of personal wireless service facilities shall be lighted only if required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Lighting of equipment, structures and any other facilities on site shall be shielded from abutting properties. Any lighting shall not be visible off-site of the property. Foot-candle measurements at any height at the property line shall be 0.0 initial foot candles.
15.4.4.2 Signage. Signs shall be limited to those needed to identify the property and the owner and warn of any danger. All signs shall comply with the requirements of Section 16.0 SIGNS of the Wilton Zoning Ordinance.
15.4.4.3 Security Barrier. The Planning Board shall have final authority on whether a ground-mounted personal wireless service facility should be surrounded by a security barrier.
15.4.5 Historic Buildings and Districts.
15.4.5.1 Any personal wireless service facility located on or within an historic structure shall not alter the character-defining features, distinctive construction methods, or original historic materials of the building.
15.4.5.2 Any alteration made to an historic structure to accommodate a personal wireless service facility shall be fully reversible.
15.4.5.3 Personal wireless service facilities authorized by this subsection shall be concealed within or behind existing architectural features, or shall be located so that they are not visible from public roads and viewing areas.
15.4.5.4 Personal wireless service facilities located in the Wilton Historic District shall comply with the provisions of the Historic District Commission.
15.4.6 Scenic Landscapes and Vistas. Ground-mounted facilities shall not be located within open areas that are clearly visible from public roads, recreational areas, or abutting properties. All ground-mounted personal wireless service facilities shall be surrounded by a buffer of dense tree growth as per Section 15.4.1.6 of the Wilton Zoning Ordinance.
15.4.7 Driveways. If available, existing entrances and driveways to serve a personal wireless service facility shall be utilized, unless the applicant can demonstrate that a new entrance and driveway will result in less visual, traffic, and environmental impact. New driveways to serve a personal wireless service facility shall not exceed twelve (12) feet in width. A gravel or crushed stone surface is encourage.
15.4.8 Antenna Types. Any antenna array placed upon an existing or proposed ground mount, utility pole, or transmission line mount shall have a diameter of no more than four (4) feet, exclusive of the diameter of the mount. A larger diameter antenna array may be permitted after a finding by the Planning Board that the visual impacts of a larger antenna array are negligible.
15.4.9 Ground and Roof Mounts. All ground mounts shall be of a mast type mount. Lattice towers, guyed towers, and roof-mounted monopoles are expressly prohibited, unless constructed as part of a reconstruction project permitted under Section 15.2.2 of the Wilton Zoning Ordinance.
15.4.10 Hazardous Waste. No hazardous waste shall be discharge on the site of any personal wireless service facility. If any hazardous materials are to be used on site, there shall be provisions for full containment of such materials. An enclosed containment area shall be provided with a sealed floor, designed to contain at least one hundred and ten percent (110%) of the volume of the hazardous materials stored or used on the site.
15.4.11 Noise. Personal wireless service facilities shall not generate noise in excess of that permitted under Section 4.6.2 Noise of the Wilton Zoning Ordinance.
15.4.12 Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) All equipment proposed for a personal wireless service facility shall be fully compliant with the FCC Guidelines for Evaluating the Environmental Effects of Radio Frequency Radiation (FCC Guidelines, under Report and Order, FCC 96-326, published on August 1, 1996), and all subsequent amendments.
15.5 Monitoring and Maintenance.
15.5.1 Maintenance. The owner of the facility shall maintain the personal wireless service facility in good condition. Such maintenance shall include, but shall not be limited to, painting structural integrity of the mount and security barrier, and maintenance of the buffer areas and landscaping.
15.5.2 Monitoring. As part of the issuance of the site plan approval or building permit, the property owner shall agree that the Town of Wilton may enter the subject property to obtain RFR measurements and noise measurements at the expense of the carrier. The Town shall provide reasonable written notice to the carrier and landowner and provide them the opportunity to accompany the Town representatives when the measurements are conducted.
15.5.3 Security for Removal. Recognizing the hazardous situation presented by abandoned and unmonitored telecommunications facilities, the Planning Board shall set the form and amount of security that represents the cost for removal and disposal of abandoned telecommunications facilities in the event that a facility is abandoned and the facility owner is unwilling or unable to remove the facility in accordance with Section 15.6.2. The amount of the security shall be based upon the removal cost plus fifteen percent (15%), provided by the applicant and certified by a professional structural engineer licensed in New Hampshire. The owner of the facility shall provide the Planning Board with a revised removal cost estimate and structural evaluation prepared by a professional structural engineer licensed in New Hampshire every five (5) years from the date of the Planning Board's approval of the site plan. If the cost has increased more than fifteen percent (15%), then the owner of the facility shall provide additional security in the amount of the increase.
15.6 Abandonment or Discontinuation of Use.
15.6.1 Notification. At such time that a carrier plans to abandon or discontinue operation of a personal wireless service facility, such carrier will notify the Town by certified U.S. mail of the proposed date of abandonment or discontinuation of operations. Such notice shall be given no less than thirty (30) days prior to abandonment or discontinuation of operations. In the event that a carrier fails to give such notice, the personal wireless service facility shall be considered abandoned upon such discontinuation of operations.
15.6.2 Removal. Upon abandonment or discontinuation of use, the owner of the facility shall physically remove the personal wireless service facility within ninety (90) days from the date of abandonment or discontinuation of use. "Physically remove" shall include, but not be limited to:
- Removal of antennas, mount, equipment shelters and security barriers from the subject property.
- Proper disposal of the waste materials from the site in accordance with local and state solid waste disposal regulations.
- Restoring the location of the personal wireless service facility to its natural condition, except that any landscaping and grading shall remain in the after-condition.
15.6.3 Failure to Remove. If the owner of the facility does not remove the facility upon the Zoning Administrator's order, then the Board of Selectmen shall, after holding a public hearing with notice to the owner and abutters, issue a declaration of abandonment. The owner of the facility shall dismantle and remove the facility within ninety (90) days of receipt of the declaration of abandonment by the Board of Selectmen. If the abandoned facility is not removed within ninety (90) days, the Town may execute the security to pay for this action.
14.0 Watershed District